Analysing Risk Management In Holiday And Hospitality Industries Tourism Essay

Analysing Risk Management In Holiday And Hospitality Industries tourism EssayLoyalty of lymph nodes and tourists is realised only by strong relationships where the guest spirits particular(a) and important. Gener totallyy, muckle go to a hotel or plan for a spark off on an emotional feeling.The feeling should be right, danger of exposure free, safe, and useful and veritable(a) to increase their confidence. Almost all guests go to a hotel for the same reason. If the hotel gives them a homely feeling then they forget answer over on that point again and again. But, if the hotel is not making them feel important or special, they impart buy it any(prenominal)where else.The loyalty of customers is totally dependent upon how safe they feel at hotel. They should feel important and special. They should get proper attention by the hotel they dealing with. The hotel should believe that the guests coming to the hotel ar an important part of service customer inquires. In orde r of battle to impinge on a loyal guest, we need to go ahead of their expectations from the hotel.The WTO (World tourism Organization) had conducted a research on tourism all across the world. They have provided some of the critical and interesting facts on the contribution of tourism and Hospitality Industry to the whole world. The Average annual Increase is 4.0 %. But his sector is also facing a tote up of risks and we be trying to manage those risksThe main aim of the risk charge process is to increase the prospects and opportunities and decrease the consequences of a risk event. During the whole process, in that location are common conventional stressors, but our reaction to those stressors differs from soul to person as we are all unique persons. The anxiety and confusion that make sense from not hit the haying what lies ahead can create stress. People employ to utilize basic defenses when high degree of uncertainty arises. In this severalize of vagueness, generally heap easily way come out of the closet to disbelieve, removal and self-defense. Individuals are told that the ways used in old days are no longer functioning and often this note becomes modified that they are not appreciated. We need to work hard to manage any kind of risk successfully. When everything is mean carefully, the proper foundation is being built, launching a ware becomes much easier, and we can improve the chances of success. If we are too impatient, and if we expect too many results too soon, our plans for neuter are more likely to fail. It is thus of critical importance that the present tourism systems should be considerably make stronger to give comfort to the tourists from all across the world.www.gov.ab.ca/edt/tda/abstats.htm B.C. visitor Study Highlights tourism British Columbia.Today the Hospitality and Tourist Industry is facing the chase type of risksSafety RisksTechnology RiskPolitical Risk work RisksFinancial RisksFollowing is the process of Risk Manag ementThe big fork up 1997-98 Vol. 41, Travel Industry World Yearbook.METHODOLOGYOnline research data has been taken from different web sites, articles, and theoretical studies from different books. We have used the methodology of collecting breeding from both the sources. And these sources include personal interaction with experts which is the autochthonic source of information and information collected from websites is the secondary one.LIMITATIONSFollowing are some of the limitations which the Hospitality Tourist Industry is facingIncorporation of grab planning and implementation process.There should continuously be a planned and prepared safety measures for the tourists.Consideration of core principles and limits of suitable change experience and protection of major assets including both cultural and natural, while authorized get at to hospitality and tourism.There should always be a control of tourists/tourism that is completely different each year/season.There should be a clear specific definition of education and limits to both tourists and locals.Ministry of Small Business, tourism and Culture, touristry Highlights 1992 by Industry ResearchBODY OF REPORTTourism Hospitality Industry is facing pastimes types of risksWhile planning g a trip for a hilly area, conditions at site may go beyond control.Entrepreneur/ counsel/tourist effort Lack of understanding between Contractor and owner. Generally, frequent changes in designs/planning/execution instructions etc.lead to misunderstandings.Economical and financial risk- Unavailability of bills, Inflation, Change in orders etc.Environnemental conditions, natural restraints and contraints, Rhabilitation.X factor Natural calamities such as, Earthquake, Flood, Fire, Cyclone, unidentified factor.International or local market conditions.Political risks- Changes in rules and regulations, war or political uncertainty.In order to meet with the above risks, following(a) run should be provided b y the tourism industry for their touristsThe tourism industry should make the trip THE BEST and THE SAFEST by providing different kinds of advanced life-enhancing creature comforts and should also provide vital support to the tourists.They always need to wait coming up with new products that are specially sustained for honest-to-goodness age and physically challenged people, and which will be quite helpful in their trip.Provide advice and information through their help lines, publications and online at all times. lineage pioneering research into all aspects of trips.Join forces that will ensure more of their funds go where theyre needed.The main aim of developing customer service standards is to forever change and make periodical updating desirable. For this reason the company offers a feedback form in electronic format. To perform the task of updating, it would welcome acquiring relevant feedbacks and requests from guests to further improve the service.www.tourism.gov.au/publi cations.Whenever a guest coming to the hotel he/she will be asked to fill up the following tableActivities usefulness levelsActionsHow do you find the environment?Friendly or BoringWhat changes guest wants?Do you think u get proper attention from the hotel staffs?Yes or NoWhere is the gap?What you liked and what you would you like to change about the followingServices, Spectrum of facilities availableWhat kind of change you want?Any references?Yes or NoName of the referencesIn the hotel, the following form is used for recording intimate comments by guests. The following feedback form should be received by the various(prenominal) hotel staffs.Guest Feedback FormDate __________________________________________________Guests name ________________________________________Room No ____________________________________ call up ________________ Email ___________________________Rate the following factors on a scale of 1 to 5 (5 being the best)The hotel has provided clear information about wha t kind of work are available.12345 beforehand the start of service, goals and expectations were jointly identified.12345The hotel staff has conducted a inescapably assessment to identify your specific needs for happy and safe stay12345The hotel staff was able to support all your needs at the hotel12345The hotel staff provided you with smack list of facilities foregoing to stay.12345The hotel staff keeps you aware of any changes in availability of the live.12345The hotel staff provides feedback every activity.12345The hotel staff provides recommendations about future stay.12345Following strategies should be enforcedThe main aim the schema should be to ensure guests feel safe, support and have access to appropriate services. To achieve this, they are keen to search ideas for working in union across government as rise as with business and the community.The law in Australia is developing a whole-of-government levitate for the way they support tourism into the future. The stra tegy is going to identify antecedence areas for action with an emphasis on making positive changes in tourism industry.Social isolation is one of the main reasons behind severe health line of works. Basically, the meaning of social isolation is a small interaction of people with others mixed with the feeling and experience of loneliness. It has become a serious problem for people who are into this situation because it is giving a very indecorous impact on health and wellbeing of people.Even though the most of the people are not isolated socially, the number of individuals at risk of societal separation is expected to rise with the ageing of the people.And these kinds of individuals are either retired, physically handicapped and suffering from ill health or stopping point of a partner. So, in order to help this particular section of population, Tourism and Hospitality Industry is taking a number of different measures (as motioned below).The Vancouver sunbathe June 1998, Touri sm Tops in Job Creation Study.Improving conditionsIn order to improve the condition of the Tourism, the governenmnet of Australia is coming up with the following servicesRates of the hotels should be decreased and should provide proper services.The hotels should always be kept clean and hygienic. To keep the place clean and hygienic at that place should be a well managed house keeping department.As we know that the success any organization is totally dependent upon the employees of the organization. If the employees are getting their job satisfaction then only they give their 100% to the organization. So, If the emplyees of the hotels are not satisfied with their salary, then they should be paid competitively. So the salaries should be competitive (In comparison to other organizations). Hence, agency should always do payment survey, to settle this grievance of the Employees.Employees nature of the job should be demanding and challenging at every stage but not so complex that it c omes out completely impossible. It should not be boring, hence, set challenging goals for the employees of the hotels.Upward/down flow of communication should always be ensured.Management of the agency should be highly effective.All the employees of the hotels should feel the sense of belongingness with the kind of work they do.Doctors (In brass of emergency during the trip) should always play the role of counselors and mentors in the hotel industry.At all times, the hotels should identify the need of the Employees as well of the diseased people and should nail down the motivation strategy.If the social work agencies are facing difficulties in range the place, then the government should also provide transportation systemation to them.In order to promote its marketing plan, the hotels should arrange a presentation to make the people aware of the changes to be implemented and has planned to establish a secureness schedule of meeting with the partners. One of the hotels in Austral ia has described its promotional strategy in the following chartAbility to meet challengesHospitality Tourism is one of the most vibrant international industry hubs. The industry always enhances its service abilities to meet continuously changing demands of market and particular requirements of the customers. Currently, in that respect are many stimulating growths have taken place in this industry. Their ruthless expansion is in complete move.Tourism British Columbia.B.C, Visitor Study, The Report on Visitors to B.C. Rockies tourism Region 1998.CONCLUSIONBased on the reputation of royal chain of hotels one can say that at that place will not be any compromise to the royal and marvelous services of the hotel. This royal chain of hotels has been known to generate maximum revenue enhancement in Hotel business it has some of the best marketing minds and would definitely come up with plans to attract maximum guests. Going on the reputation of the management it is pretty sure it wou ld sort out all the issues which are on that point in design, planning of the hotel.Hospitality and Tourism Industry has great prospects and is good for any kind of investment.RECOMMENDATIONS (Adction Plan)Their vision should see a world in which people flourish.Their mission should be to give the best service to the people.They should make a real difference to the stay of people.They should create one joined team that will be stronger and more influential than ever before.They should develop excellent and sustainable services that enhance peoples stay.They should deliver transformational and sustainable change through their research, policy and influencing.They should always provide definitive services custom-built specifically for people staying there.They should maximize their reach through proper advertisement.They should create a powerful and a compelling sector.They should create an effective partnership with their national and regional networks.The building layout should be arranged in such a manner that it will suit each and every kinds of guests. major part of labor force will be replaced by technology. It will be more profit oriented.The hospitality industry should provide some sort of corporate discounts.The hotels must revisit the judge plan for the rooms and suites in comparison to other hotels in the city.It would be more effective and revenue earning if the distribution would be in decreasing order where the rates are in increasing order.The Tourism Industry should ensure that guides of the tourists prior to commencement of new assignments have received adequate training and information enabling them to understand the hazards of work and to protect their health from hazardous close factors that may be present. The training must adequately covera) noesis of equipment, materials, and toolsb) Known hazards in the operations and how they can be controlledc) Potential risks to healthd) Precautions to prevent exposuree) Hygiene requirementsf) Use of protective clothing and transport andg) Appropriate response to operation extremes, incidents and accidents.

Low Level Programming Language Computer Science Essay

Low Level Programming Language entropy exploitor Science EssayLow-level programmeing run-in is a program verbiage that provides little or no stimulus generalisation from a computing devices knowledge mountain architecture. The word low refers to the small or n anexistent pith of abstraction betwixt the wrangle and shape language beca procedure of this, subordinate languages atomic cast 18 sometimes described as being close to the hardw atomic number 18.A low-level language does not need a compiler or interp so useer to run. The processor for which the language was indite is able to run the enrol without using either of these.By comparison, a high-level programming language isolates the writ of action semantics of calculating machine architecture from the specification of the program, making the process of developing a program simpler and more understandable.Low-level programming languages atomic number 18 sometimes divided up into two categories first gene ration, and second generation.First generationThe first-generation programming language, or 1GL, is a railcar legislation. It is the scarcely language a microprocessor john process presently without a previous transformation. Currently, figurers al nearly never write programs nowadays in machine code, because it requires attention to numerous elaborate which a high-level language would handle automatically, and withal requires memorizing or looking up quantitative codes for every instruction that is used. For this reason, second generation programming languages provide one abstraction level on top of the machine code. simulation A function in 32-bit x86 machine code to calculate the nth Fibonacci number8B542408 83FA0077 06B80000 0000C383FA027706 B8010000 00C353BB 01000000B9010000 008D0419 83FA0376 078BD98BC84AEBF1 5BC3Second generationSecond-generation programming language, or 2GL, is an assembly language. It is considered a second-generation language because while it is not a microprocessors native language, an assembly language programmer must still understand the microprocessors unique registers and instructions. These simple instructions are past assembled directly into machine code. The assembly code layabout also be abstracted to another layer in a corresponding manner as machine code is abstracted into assembly code.Example The same Fibonacci number calculator as on rapscallion one, scarce in x86 assembly language using MASM syntaxfibmov edx, esp+8cmp edx, 0ja fmov eax, 0retcmp edx, 2ja fmov eax, 1retpush ebxmov ebx, 1mov ecx, 1lea eax, ebx+ecxcmp edx, 3jbe fmov ebx, ecxmov ecx, eax fall edxjmp bpop ebxret last level programming language high-pitched-level programming language is a programming language with conceptive abstraction from the details of the computer. In comparison to low-level programming languages, it whitethorn use natural language elements, it is easier to use and more portable across platforms. Such languages hide the details of CPU operations such as memory approach path models and management of scope.This greater abstraction and hiding of details is generally intended to make the language exploiter-friendly, as it includes concepts from the problem ambit instead of those of the machine used. A high-level language isolates the execution semantics of computer architecture from the specification of the program, making the process of developing a program simpler and more understandable with respect to a low-level language. The amount of abstraction provided defines how high-level a programming language is.The term high-level language does not imply that the language is superior to low-level programming languages in fact, in terms of the depth of knowledge of how computers work required to profitably program in a given language, the inverse may be align. alternatively, high-level language refers to the higher level of abstraction from machine language. Rather than dealing with registers, memo ry addresses and call stacks, high-level languages deal with usability, threads, locks, objects, variables, arrays and composite plant arithmetic or Boolean expressions. In addition, they pose no opcodes that tummy directly compile the language into machine code, un exchangeable low-level assembly language. early(a) features such as string handling routines, object-oriented language features and file arousal/output may also be present.High-level languages make complex programming simpler, while low-level languages tend to baffle more cost-efficient code. High-level programming features like more generic entropy structures, run-time edition and arbitrate code files often result in slower execution speed, higher memory consumption and larger binary size. For this reason, code which inevitably to run particularly quickly and efficiently may be compose in a lower-level language, even if a higher-level language would make the cryptogram easier.With the growing complexity of modern microprocessor architectures, well-designed compilers for high-level languages frequently produce code comparable in efficiency to what most low-level programmers can produce by hand, and the higher abstraction may allow for more decently techniques providing better overall results than their low-level counterparts in particular settings.There are three models of execution for modern high-level languagesInterpreted Interpreted languages are read and then executed directly, with no digest stage.Compiled Compiled languages are alter into an executable form before running. There are two cases of compilation Intermediate representations When a language is compiled to an intermediate representation, that representation can be optimized or saved for later execution without the need to re-read the source file. When the intermediate representation is saved it is often represented as bytecode. Machine code generation Some compilers compile source code directly into machine code. Virtual machines that execute bytecode directly or transform it further into machine code hand blurred the once clear distinction between intermediate representations and truly compiled languages.Translated A language may be translated into a low-level programming language for which native code compilers are already widely available. The C programming language is a common object glass for such translators.Examples of high level programming language includeJava, C, Python, Scheme, Prolog, C++, C, VB, Java Script, Ruby and Lisp.Comparison of high and low programming languages below are similar programs in both languages to find great and smallest entropy foster in a data set.Validating sensitive dataInput validation is an important part of each computer application that requires user interaction. It applies to allthing that the application does to ensure that data forecasted by the user is acceptable for the purposes of the application.Input validation can take place at va rious times in the data launching cycle. For utilisation, the programmer can tighten the users entry of data before it begins by providing very certified data input scene of actions that permit only valid choices. The most common way to do this is to provide standard controls that do not permit free keyboard entry, such as drop-down lists, option buttons, and check boxes.Constrain the users entry of data at the moment that it occurs by monitoring every keystroke for validity and rejecting unwanted input as its flaked. For instance, a particular entry field might seem to the user to ignore anything but numeral cases.React to the users entry of data after the user is finished, accepting or rejecting the contents of a data field when the user attempts to leave the field or close the screen.Input validation can also have varying degrees of user participation. For instance, the program canAutomatically correct a users mistakes without asking the users opinion.Warn the user of inco rrect input and prompt the user to correct the input before allowing the user to continue with other activities.Benifets of entropy Validation Reduces the time that is spent completing forms and eliminates costs associated with errors by validatory data, improving efficiency and minimizing the high cost of exception handling resulting from data input errors. Validation pass offs immediately in a visual basal form and can catch common errors such as not entering a required field, incorrect data type or entering incorrect data based on other data previously entered into the form.Example validation of checking if the date entered is after todays date reclusive wedge shape Date_Entered_AfterUpdate() If Me.Date_Entereddate() then Date_Entered is form field name msgbox Please enter a date less than or equal to todays date. Me.Date_Entered.setfocus set pointer back in the date field end ifEnd SubUsing arrange with passwords in visual basicThe use of strings benefits data entry i n a password application in visual basic because the program would not reset itself and crash on error input. This could affect the safety of the password which could be compromised.It compares the 4 physical body numbers inputted in order and will only allow access when all 4 characters are correct and in the right sequence. If this doesnt happen it will reset and wipe the numbers clear. This is so the imputer cannot see which ones he/she has got right and try different ones for the others remaining.In visual basic for the to a higher place program you could limit the user to a certain amount of attempts before the user is locked out. When the code is incorrect you could have a warning tatty up on the computer, or if the wrong sort of data is inputted you can have a warning asking for the correct data. Likewise if you have not inputted 4 digits it would crash so this can be circumscribed in the code strings with . info lawsuitsBoolean Data faceThis data type projects values that can be only true or false. The keywords True and False correspond to the two states of Boolean variables. call the Boolean data type to contain two-state values such as true/false, yes/no, or on/off. The indifference value of Boolean is False.Type ConversionsWhen ocular raw material commutes numerical data type values to Boolean, 0 becomes False and all other values become true. When optic sanctioned converts Boolean values to numeric types, False becomes 0 and True becomes -1.When you convert between Boolean values and numeric data types, the .NET example renewing methods do not always produce the same results as the Visual Basic conversion keywords. This is because the Visual Basic conversion retains behaviour matched with previous versions.Programming guideNegative Numbers. Boolean is not a numeric type and cannot represent a negative value. In any case, you should not use Boolean to hold numeric values.Type incinerateacters. Boolean has no literal type characte r or identifier type character.Framework Type. The corresponding type in the .NET Framework is the system Boolean structure.In the succeeding(a) example, runningVB is a Boolean variable, which stores a simple yes/no setting. irksome runningVB As Boolean Check to see if program is running on Visual Basic engine.If scriptEngine = VB ThenrunningVB = TrueEnd Ifwhole number Data Type integer data holds signed 32-bit (4-byte) integers ranging in value from -2,147,483,648 finished 2,147,483,647.The integer data type provides optimal performance on a 32-bit processor. The other integral types are slower to load and store from and to memory. The default value of integer is 0.Programming guideInterop Considerations. If you are interfacing with components not written for the .NET Framework, for example Automation or COM objects, keep in mind that Integer has a different data width (16 bits) in other environments.Widening. The Integer data type widens to Long, Decimal, Single, or Double. Th is means you can convert Integer to any of these types without encountering a System.OverflowException error.Type set fire toacters. Appending the literal type character I to a literal forces it to the Integer data type. Appending the identifier type character % to any identifier forces it to Integer.Framework Type. The corresponding type in the .NET Framework is the System.Int32 structure.If you try to set a variable of an integral type to a number away(p) the range for that type, an error occurs. If you try to set it to a fraction, the number is rounded. The following example shows this. The valid range of an Integer variable is -2147483648 through +2147483647. glaze over k As Integer The following statement causes an error because the value is too large.k = 2147483648 The following statement sets k to 6.k = CInt(5.9)Char Data TypeHolds unsigned 16-bit (2-byte) code points ranging in value from 0 through 65535. Each code point, or character code, represents a adept Unicode char acter.You use the Char data type when you need to hold only a single character and do not need the viewgraph of String. In some cases you can use Char(), an array of Char elements, to hold multiple characters. The default value of Char is the character with a code point of 0.Unicode CharactersThe first 128 code points (0-127) of Unicode correspond to the letters and symbols on a standard U.S. keyboard. These first 128 code points are the same as those the ASCII character set defines. The second 128 code points (128-255) represent special characters, such as Latin-based alphabet letters, accents, currency symbols, and fractions. Unicode uses the remaining code points (256-65535) for a wide mannikin of symbols, including worldwide textual characters, diacritics, and mathematical and technical symbols.You can use methods like IsDigit and IsPunctuation on a Char variable to determine its Unicode classification.Type ConversionsVisual Basic does not convert directly between Char and the numeric types. You can use the Asc, AscW Functions to convert a Char value to an Integer representing its code point. You can use the Chr, ChrW Functions to convert an Integer value to a Char having that code point.If the type checking switch ( plectron Strict Statement) is on, you must lend the literal type character to a single-character string literal to severalise it as the Char data type. The following example on page 8 illustrates this.Option Strict OnDim charVar As Char The following statement attempts to convert a String literal to Char. Because Option Strict is On, it generates a compiler error.charVar = Z The following statement succeeds because it specifies a Char literal.charVar = ZCProgramming guideNegative Numbers. Char is an unsigned type and cannot represent a negative value. In any case, you should not use Char to hold numeric values.Interop Considerations. If you are interfacing with components not written for the .NET Framework, for example Automation or COM ob jects.Widening. The Char data type widens to String. This means you can convert Char to String without encountering a System.OverflowException error.Type Characters. Appending the literal type character C to a single-character string literal forces it to the Char data type. Char has no identifier type character.Framework Type. The corresponding type in the .NET Framework is the System.Char structureComparison table between Ladder logical system and Visual BasicLanguageLadder LogicVisual BasicSuitability for engineering applicationsHighMediumAvailabilityMediumHigh exploiter friendlinessLowHighCost of softwareHighLowSize of codeLow (high compact)HighDifficulty of useMedium to HighEasyEase of programmingMediumUser has knowledge then low User has no knowledge then HighIdeal useMachine controlSimulationResourceswww.wikipedia.org, www.msdn.microsoft.com, www.fortran.com, visual basic help, www.visualbasic.freetubes.net, www.blueclaw-db.com

Comparative Coverage of Women Issues in Elite Press

Comparative reporting of Women Issues in elite group PressComparative Coverage of women Issues in Elite Press of Pakistan, India BangladeshKey Words Mass Media, Print Media, portrayal, Women, Issues, treatment, Pakistan, India, Bangladesh, Elite Press, Visual, Textual, abridgmentIntroductionWe atomic arguing 18 living in the twenty-first century and it is a heart-throbbing fact that still most of the sections of our society do non draw the impressiveness of women in the socio-economic fabric. It would be deplorable if the status and the role of women were not appropriately perceived, since women be a part of society and sh atomic number 18 take shape and responsibility. Therefore, it is indispensable to upgrade the depiction of women and to strengthen the intercommunicateational role of the media. Butt Mourion (1996) says that media are one of the modern re intros to of importtain and hike ideology and to bushel it to the national needs, but also adds that to do this promotion, a grand number of projects and actions are required constantly by the state and the people as rise up. Media is playing vital role in dissemination of information, shaping and reshaping the percept and public views. The mass media have an essential role reporting impose on _or_ op foment doing following up remedial action, mobilizing public opinion, brining about affectionate limiting and highlighting positive developments. In fact, media and women issues coverage important topic in every era.The study is focused to lose it the visual and textual intro of the women related intelligence operation regarding friendly, economical and political issues in the elite press of major countries of South Asia which includes Pakistan, India and Bangladesh. The study is important because onwards partition of the subcontinent these tercet countries enjoyed the status of united India. So these countries are having similar roots sacramental manduction common norms, value and s ociety. In this study researcher is going to see the women issues in major intelligence activitypapers of Pakistan, India and Bangladesh which include topics of news program stories, tone of covered news, jam of news stories in newspaper and amount of space is given to news. with these aspects researcher will analyze whether the bulls eye media portrayal women get word positive, cast out or neutrallyMediaThe purport styles, socialization patterns, participation levels, heathen boundaries, political maneuverings, religious manifestations, commandmental standards, social hierarchy, and numbers of society these all sectors that cultivate by the media limit (Sharma, 2005). The media is a vehicle used to inform as considerably as entertain the public. The media is a carrier of information, ideas, thoughts and opinions. It is a baronful force in influencing people perceptions on a variety of issues. Print media is oldest medium that educate, inform and entertain the people . In modern society is mass media responsible for wrench and consumption of social knowledge and their meanings that use people make a sense abut world and act as social humankind accordingly. Print media plays an important role in influencing public opinions and setting agendum for what is constructed as news. The print media which include newspapers, periodicals, newsletters and other channels are relied upon by the people as credible source of information, education and entertainment. The print media are known for fearless criticism and service. The print media or newspaper is consists of certain affairs news, articles, features, advertising. Newspaper normally publishes stories on local, national and international politics issues, entertainment, society, business, technology, education, agriculture, sports etc. Also editorials, columns and letter to editors on current issues publish in newspaper on busy pages. Print media started in these three countries with the independe ncy Day but some news papers were running before the partition such as Dawn, Nawa I Waqt and Jang (Pakistan) The Hindustan Times, The Times of India and Dainik Jagran (India) and The Daily Star.WomenWomen are an integral part of our society, and cannot be ignored due to less power and authority. They are created using the need for men and men, presenting them with a companion in the course of action. Although women are significantly in all areas of life, the long list of people in the treatment seems to be never ending. There is no denying the fact that in todays society, where women are still mostly male, is dominated by pine from the inferior place to put side-by-side with men because of social and articulatio are typically held social values. In fact, womens position in either of the countries varies according to the categories, regions, and rural and urban distribution unequal socio-economic development and the affect of tribal, feudal, and capitalist social formations on wo mens lives.Today Pakistani women have a better position than most of other Muslim women. all the same, on an average, the womens seat vis--vis men are one of systemicgender subordination. However, awareness among Pakistani women to expand the educational opportunities increased from past few years. tally to the United Nations development index, Pakistani women are better in gender equality, as women in India and Bangladesh.However women condition in India is worst as compared to other development countries legal age of Indian population consist of female. Today average female life expectancy today in India in contrast to many others countries is beneath the standard line (Nautiyal Dabral, 2012). Majority of women deprived the basic facility of life such as food, health and education in India and also socially women life in India very terrible. Indian society gives the more dominancy and importance to male in any walk of life as well as male social development.The status of wo men in Bangladesh is defined as an ongoing gender battle, the plethoric political tide, who favors restricting the rights of women in the Islamic patriarchal patterns, and activism. The Bangladesh socio-cultural environment provides comprehensive gender inequity so that girls and women see many obstacles in their development. The girls are often considered the financial burden on the family, and since birth, they receive less investment in health, health care and education (UNICEF, 2007). In Bangladesh, women have made huge gains since the country gained independence in 1971. In the past four decades have seen increased political influence for women, better employment prospects, improving training and new laws protect their rights. legion(predicate) of the women working in the States and other key positions but in issues uniform family effect, acid burning and rape are still persist.Media and WomenThe media portrayal both positive as well as negative issues of women as well as a powerful mechanism. Although the media has played an important role in highlighting womens issues, it has also had negative impact, in terms of perpetrating violence against women by dint of pornography and images of women as a female body that can be bought and sold. (Sharma, 2005) the trend is increasing in media to represent women as victims are more alarming. Media reflects in its content the pattern of value in any society. tally to (Sharma, 2005) for the purpose of promoting and disseminating information media play an important role and also it is main role in development of women in social and economic sectors. The way issues dealing with women are treated indicated to a great extent the prevailing attitude of the society towards women. Everywhere the potential exists for the media to make a uttermost greater contribution to the advancement of women. More women are involved in careers in the communications sector, but few have attained positions at the decision-making level or serve on governing boards and bodies that influence media policy. Womens bearing in sensational news stories such as glamour, sex, domestic violence and other forms of violence are still prominent (Nautiyal Dabral, 2012).Portrayal of women in the media is mostly unfair and imbalanced. They are under-represented which falsely implies that men are the cultural standard and womens role in the social life is un rattling or negligible. Women are portrayed stereotypically that reflect and sustain socially endorsed views of gender. Their presentation in the media does not conform to their real role in the society. According to Patel (1995) the mainstream media like print more highlight the women physical body image side by side along stereotyped sexist images and the spine page pin ups. She observed that one of the reasons for projection of patriarchal image of the society is disproportionate number of men in the key positions in media. As to the qualitative aspect of portraya l of women in the media that they are in the main portrayed as unthinking, dependent and submissive beingnesss with reproduction as their implicit in(p) role. Women are either portrayed as ideal or deviant. Their real life feelings and behaviors are rarely depicted on screen. She is shown more in fantasy roles than her real life. Common charwoman in the society finds it overweight to relate herself to the depiction of females in the media. The negative portrayal of women in the media not only does not correspond with the reality but also leads to promote unhealthy and calumnious traits among the public.Statement of the ProblemPress is prognostic the women in a totally immoral way according to society values in news. While these types of news became the sources of spreading obscenity, western style, trends and personalities are being highlighted sooner indecently. The news about scandals, rapes, pregnancy, fashion shows, show-biz and private matters of wife and maintain are be ing over played instead of the women development and social progress. The photographs related to these news are nude, and below the standards of morality. Newspapers are more centering the sexual crimes are being highlighted in which women are badly humiliated. In fact, film stars and celebrities news are being accommodated as commodities.HypothesisWhether or not Pakistani, Indian and Bangladesh press portray women as commodities?Whether or not Pakistani, Indian and Bangladesh press treating women issues in real sense and focusing social development?Whether or not Pakistani, Indian and Bangladesh press portray women issues as sensational news?Objectives of the StudyThe objectives of this research, which can be specified on the spot to find the answer the following questions as belowTo analyze representation of women in selected newspaper of Pakistan, India and Bangladesh.To examine the quality of the women related news published in selected newspapers.To find out the selected issue s related to women that are discussed subject matter or not.To understand whether or not women related news are treated as traditional approach in selected newspapers.To investigate the nature/style of news related to women issues in selected newspapers.To understand print media reporting patterns are favorable/ unfavorable towards womenPrintmediaportraystereotypicalimageof womeninnewsstoriesNautiyal Dabral (2012) The journals are mostly fitting for modern society and could be said to be positively harmful to the development of women as conscious individuals aware of themselves and aware of the society some them. If a woman wins a beauty contest, magazines or newspapers in particular give much importance to the news and even take her photographs on cover page but, at the same time if a woman gets the Nobel Prize she gets limited coverage. Here the difference of judgment in womens issues is quite marked in our media. Similarly the daily newspapers rarely put womens news and their development. Rather they prefer reporting on rape, atrocities, crime, sexual harassment and laugh at of women prominently in their columns.UNICEF, State of the Worlds Children The Double Dividend of gender Equality, 2007Mariam S. Pal (2000).Women in Pakistan Country Briefing Paper. Asian Development Bank.ISBN971-561-297-0.Pakistan lieu of Women the Womens Movement. Womenshistory.about.com. 28 July 2001. Retrieved 2012-01-24.Women Education in Pakistan. Pakcitizen.com. 17 December 2011. Retrieved 2012-01-24.http//hdrstats.undp.org/images/explanations/pak.pdfJump uphttp//tribune.com.pk/story/521279/pakistan-better-than-india-on-undp-gender-inequality-index/

Control on Remote Sensing Network Using Cloud Computing

Control on hostile Sensing Net flex Using blotch ComputingCHAPTER 3 g overning body REQUIREMENTSThe remains requirements usually specify the needs of the constitution to accomplish the chore successfully and the requirements mint be classified as softw ar and computer hardw atomic number 18 requirements and w t here(predicate)from the requirement specification of this project is as mentioned be prime(prenominal).3.1 Softw ar Requirements distill PCB and express schematicKeil small-vision 3 real view IDEFlash utility(prenominal) software for programmingEmbedded CJDKVisual studio 2010Windows XP ironware RequirementsMicro restrictlers spike 7ZigBee ModulesTemperature, humidity, motion detectorsliquid crystal display DisplayPower tally 12V i.e. 1ARelays3.3 Functional requirementsThe useable requirements stand be defined as the function that a highly-developed system leave behind provide to the useradministrative functionsAn individual sensor node will check the availabil ity, Else the berth of the devices will be 0, if availability is give way, therefore the entropy is forwarded to the supervise station thus the device status evoke be seen and control measures fag be taken, to save the power and utilize it in an efficient way.Authorization levelsThe authentic user of the defame drop box cigaret access the culture in the blur to have intercourse the status of the nominate hold equipments.3.4 Non-functional requirementsNon functional requirements define the frame work within which the system should work.ScalabilityThe controlling and monitor of the devices send packing be extended to, more inventer(a)(a) devices apart from put forward hold equipments, homogeneous vehicles and security systems etc.AvailabilityThe availability of the devices stringently works on the lucre machine-accessibleness i.e. one dope know the status of the devices in the house with the availability of the internet.3.5 Technologies UsedA. Cloud figure engineeringCloud computing is a applied science that is upgrading day by day and today many of the technologies have their own architecture so does the denigrate besides as the own architecture and the mist too as its distinguishing features and the properties that make the dapple unique which are discussed below briefly. frame 3.1 Cloud ArchitectureCloud depose majorly be classified into deuce-ace levels of returns models the first level is the SaaS (software as a service) and the work of this level is to provide the user with the opportunity to make use of the applications which are ladder on the infrastructure of the denigrate and the second floor of the cloud is the broadcast as a Service (PaaS) the work of this degree is to provide the user with the opportunity to deploy the applications which are created or acquired by the user and the terzetto layer of the cloud is infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) and the work of this layer is to provide the user with the o pportunity to run and deploy imperative software on to cloud and these three layers are different for the users since the functions and operate provided by these layers are different.But for the technical staff these three layers are not different and they are certified on each some other and hence for e.g. consider SaaS needs the Paas layer to provide platform for the deployment of the function or the service can be outright deployed on to the IaaS layer, and the IaaS layer operate and products are a the like built up using the services provided by the Paas layer hence cloud layers are inter dependent on each other in technical perspective view.The other important part of the cloud computing is the management of the system in cloud and the objective of this management is to run the cloud securely and save stability in the cloud environment, unfortunately many of the users are incognizant of the management of system in cloud and this management is the base for the swell u p functioning of the cloud and hence good services can be provided with proper system management and these management of system helps in the aspects of maintaining the services and operations involved in the cloud.Figure 3.2 Cloud Management modellingIn the put scenario of the internet environment the layer is as mentioned supra in the plat 3.2 and for the maintenance of the devices with remote control in cloud environment the developer need to select the proper services in the cloud to satisfy the requirement of the customer and SaaS is one of the most suitable and earliest services provided in the cloud and using these service the user can directly connect to the cloud and with the help of browser we can directly run the application residing on the cloud and advantage of these service is that the service provider is responsible for the maintenance of the services weather it is hardware or software and is charged as per usage or free of exist. in clear the developer nor the us er needs to worry about the upgrades, installations, attacks etc. And more significantly one need worry about the initial investments and license approvals.The present scenario in the cloud is that some providers are giving customized clouds to the companies, for the user the cloud is always free further the companies need to build their own cloud computing services for e.g. FeiBit corporation as launched a cloud late and meets almost all requirements of its customers.B. ZigBee radio sensor networkThe name ZigBee was committed to the device because of observing the procedure of bees flying and the dance of the bees was in the cast of Z and the bees are very small and hence the amount of qualification that is needed to transfer the pollen is also less keeping this features in caput they named the device as ZigBee as it has features like less usance of energy, low price, small size but works very efficiently and its IEEE standards is 802.15.4 and it creates the wireless perso nal area network for the communication routine.When the IEEE standard was given the proportionateness was also made which is divided into two parts and hence harmonize to the agreement the 804.15.4 will define the two layer one is the bodily layer and the other I the MAC (media access control ) layer and the ZigBee alliance will define the specifications for the network, security and application layer and later on the ZigBee stack also was defined that helps in communication and these was defined by individual layers communications protocol which was grouped together to which it gives the user API and this can be used to coordinate among many of the sensors for the purpose of communication and can also send info form one sensor to another and hence the energy consumed is very less in this process and communication energy is very spicy and hence due to this the remote controlled equipment can be controlled and monitored efficiently.Figure 3.3 Composition of ZigBeeThe ZigBee as the capability of the self organizing networks for proving this scenario take the e.g. as follows where the group of paratroopers in which each group member as the ZigBee devices with them and then they land on ground they can connect each other in the forest if they have landed with the range in which the ZigBee devices can communicate and moreover the module can identify the device and fulfil the person and hence this is the special property of the ZigBee where clearly we can line up the property of self organization.We can also use ZigBee in the application but cannot always guarantee the usage of channels which are un bared, like the lights in city streets, car accident, etc. the emergence of road transaction is disperseed due to accident, likewise with the usage of channels in effort and hence self organization of the network is very important because of the errors that may occur during the transmission system of the info.The paths are not always set for move the da ta and hence one as to find the path that is scoop up and short and send the data in that path in the network, but if the desired path is blocked due to traffic then the data needs to sent in the other path so that it reaches the finishing correctly and here in ZigBee the so called dynamic routing for data transmission is used for the sending of the data in the network.The ZigBee works with using the technology called the DSSS (direct-sequence spread spectrum) underlying which is the non beacon mode and the ZigBee network can be expanded that is scalable, within one second or even in less time the node joins the network and rejoins the network again and starts the transmission and hence this is very less rime when compared to Bluetooth which takes around three seconds and ZigBee has high reliability in networks and it supports multicast and broadcast applications and the ZigBee is one of the major network in todays communication technology and also its importance is increase day b y day due to its distinctive application in many fields like health, sports etc.Figure 3.4 ZigBee wireless sensor NetworkThe access to the cloud computing platform is free of cost and hence through this platform the developer can use ZigBee wireless sensor technology via the gateway through which it is attached to the internet and from there the information reaches the cloud through GPRS and the cloud here provides the real time accessing and observe of the data that is acquired through the sensors data socket communication and this real rime monitoring depends only upon the internet or network environment, without increasing delay time. And the cloud platform today supports the latest technology like html5 technology and hence this is a boon to many of the companies and customers and life is much simpler and easier with the upgrading technology.CHAPTER 4 schema DESIGN organisation design specifies the liquify chart, block diagram, which gives the outlay for the system and also h elps in the constructing the project and implementing it so that the desired output can be obtained.4.1 Generalized cease DiagramThe below figure 4.1 explains the boilers suit block diagram of the work done,Figure 4.1 System Design of lieu Automation4.1.1 Operation involvedThe operations involved here consists of in the main two modules one is the transmitter and the other is the receiver and the transmitter has many sensors connected to it which include light intensity, temperature, motion detection sensors etc. here the data acquired by the sensors are uploaded to the transmitter through which the data is remotely passed to the receiver and from heir the data is uploaded to the cloud in serial form and the data in the cloud is displayed using the ASCII format and this data can be stored in the cloud drop box and the data in the cloud can be seen anywhere but the internet inter-group communication is mandatory and there is a graphical user port that is been developed using th e visual basic/dot net and through that also we can see the output when the horde is turned on.4.1.2 Cloud information Base CenterThe design of the cloud data base pith is as shown below,Figure 4.2 Design of Cloud Database CenterThe cloud stores the data that it veritable from the network and the authorized data can be retrieved bandaging from anywhere and the status of the devices can be known and the required actions can be taken. In the supra diagram 4.2 we can see the cloud data base centre where the data base centre and the nett horde are connected together by the HTTP and the sack up server as the apache connected to the internet and the web server is also connected to the client browser where the client can access the data and hence the procedure of how the data base centre of cloud is designed.4.1.3 Functioning of the SystemThe control command from the server in the Cloud are first sent to the home gateway through TCP/IP protocol and then transmitted to the applianc e with ZigBee wireless communication.The home gateway is a server which is used to receive the user command from the far-end place on the Internet, and to transmit the status as well as the power consumption information of appliances back to the database server.The gateway will then transmit the received commands to a ZigBee transceiver through the universal asynchronous transmitter and receiver (UART) interfaceWith the proposed structure, authorized users or the system manager can log into the web server which will be in connection with the database, and devices in the house can be remotely monitored and also the power can be utilized without any wastage. general Block DiagramThe block diagram is as shown below which gives the description of the entire work carried out,Figure 4.3 Overall System Design of Home Automation with Monitoring StationThe to a higher place Figure (4.3) works in the same as described in the Functioning of the System, this is the method in which the devices in the house can be remotely accessed and controlled over the internet, in the other phase the world is face up the shortage of energy in terms of oil, water etc. and hence how to make use of the resources is one of the big challenge, hence this proposed system helps in the utilization of the resources efficiently.4.1.4 Block Representation of the DiagramThe below figure 4.4 represents the block representation of the diagram of the system designFigure 4.4 Overall Block Representation of the systemwhere one recognizes the relays, sensors, alarms for motion detection are connected together to Microcontroller and the microcontroller is connected to the ADC (analog to digital conversion) where the data from analog form are converted to the digital form and the data obtained after conversion are sent to the ARM 7 board where the data is been transferred and also received through the ZigBee where the received data is stored in the cloud and the data can been seen the cloud with the help of PC.Hence from these design we can see the overall working blueprint of the system which also recognizes to be one of new(a) technology with the combination of two hardware and software and hence this technology is one of the upgrading and ever growing technology in the field of internet of things (IoT).4.1.5 Data flow Diagram of the SystemFigure 4.5 Data Flow Diagram of the SystemThe data flow diagram is as shown above in figure 4.5, that consists of two boards, and there are one ZigBees attached to each of the boards, the 8051 board has different sensors attached to it which will monitor the devices in the house and this status is fetched by the ZigBee and transferred wirelessly to the ARM 7 boards ZigBee and then the GPRS which is connected to the cloud uploads the data , by the information obtained through ZigBee and the data can be viewed by the end user and hence the status of the devices data obtained are visible on the LCD screen attached to both the boards.4.1.6 Flow Chart Representation of the SystemThe below figure 4.6 gives the complete description of the working of the system represented in terms of flow chart and the flow chart represents mainly the activity in the control center i.e. in cloud network, first the system is started and then initialization of the system is done then the network is built that is establishing the connection with server and then the system is in standby mode and then if the interrupt is received by the user to join the network, if no connection is present then the connection is again reestablished and if the connection is established then the status of the devices is noted and the end devices are controlled if it is not possible to control the connection is again restarted and checked.Hence the working of the system is represented in the terms of flow chart and this system is considered to be one of the advanced technology through which the devices in the house can be controlled and monitored through cloud.NYNFi gure 4.6 Flow Chart of the working of the system4.1.7 Picture of the 8051 and ARM 7 BoardsIn the below two pictures we can see the pictures of the 8051 and ARM 7 circuit boards,The picture 4.7 below represents the 8051 micro controller board,Figure 4.7 Snapshot of MC 8051That is connected to different sensors like light, temperature etc. And also to ZigBee and hence this board represents the home and the devices that can be controlled and monitored using the cloud.In the picture 4.8 below, we can see the ARM 7 boardFigure 4.8 Snapshot of ARM 7That is connected to ZigBee for the purpose of communication with the devices in the house, the GPRS module for the purpose of uploading the data to the cloud and the LCD screen for the display of the information and all these are connected to the ARM 7 board.BIBLIOGRAPHY1 IOTs Gateways Bridging Wireless Sensors Networks into Internet of Things Qian Zhu, Ruicong Wang, Qi Chen, Yan Liuand Weijun Qin 2010 IEEE2 A warranter Aspect in Cloud Comput ing by Gurudatt Kulkarni Jayanth Gambir Teiswini Patil Amruta Dongare 2012 IEEE3 Technologies and Protocols for Data Centers and Cloud Networkings by Nabil Bitar, Steven Gringeri, and Tiejun J. Xia, Verizon Laboratories 2013 IEEE.4 Dynamic merging of ZigBees Homes Networks into Home Gateways Using OSGis Services Registrys by Young-Guk Ha2009 IEEE.5 ZigBee source itinerary technology in home application by Yao-Ting Wu in 2008 IEEE.6 search of ZigBees data securities and protections by Li Chunqing1, Zhang Jiancheng, 2009 International Forum on Computer Science-Technology and Applications 2009 IEEE.7 ZigBee and UPnP Expansion for Home Electrical Appliance Control on Internet by Kuk-Se Kim, Chanmo Park ,Kyung-SikSeo, Il-Yong Chung, Joon Lee2007 ICACT2007.8 ZigBees Wireless Sensors Applications for Health, Wellness and seaworthiness by ZigBees Alliances 2009 ZigBee Alliance.9 Z-Phone Implementation Design and of Embedded Voice over ZigBee Applications by A.Meliones and E. Touloupis. 10 Bluetooth based homes automation systems using cell phones by R.Piyare, M.Tazil2011 IEEE fifteenth International Symposium on Consumer Electronics.

The Project Report In Executives Salaries Commerce Essay

The Project Report In executive directors Salaries Commerce experimentAre chief operating officers overpaid? Many people think so and many authorisation causes wealthy person been identified much(prenominal) as too much power, oscitant boards of directors, conflicts of interest by payment consultants, the use of stock options and the list goes on. al to the highest degree(a) studies bear witness that the aver come on chief operating officer was paid $10 million to $15 million in cc5. This includes their salary, bonus, stock option gains, stock grants and various decision maker benefits and prerequisites (news.cnet.com).We now require at the highest 10 paid jobs in UK and hazard not surprisingly that Company chief operating officers atomic event 18 right there at the top of the list by a huge pay variance when compared with opposites high in the list.10 Highest paid UK jobs June 2009Company chief operating officer/Directors171,509Doctors81,744Brokers80,233 monetary Ma nagers Chartered Secretaries79,545Civil Servants (Senior)71,824Aircraft Pilots Flight Engineers61,585 perplexity Consultants/Economists52,505Lawyers, Judges Coroners51,579Police Officers (Inspector and above)51,487Managers (Marketing and Sales)50,575( cum careerbuilder.co.uk )Research QuestionWhat factors involve chief executive director director officer salaries?The files chief operating officerSAL1.RAW and chief executive officerSAL2.RAW are information ticks that hold back various firm performance measures as well as information such as tenure and education. Compared with chief operating officerSAL1.RAW, the second information set contains more information about the CEO, rather than about the participation is included (Wooldridge, 2008). In the selective informationset, Wooldridge took a random sample of entropy inform in the May 6, 1991 issue of Businessweek.Literature ReviewIn circumstance of online financial crisis, CEO stipend has been a major present o f discussion among businessmen and academics since early 1920s (McKnight et al., 2000). How high should be the compensation, what is the kindred amid CEO pay and his abilities, what is the correlation amidst CEO compensation and companys performance? We welcome chosen the topic collectable to its obvious relevancy with menses financial situation.During the literature freshen up we nominate a number of empirical articles, exploring various aspects of CEO compensation.McKnight et al (2000) in CEO age and Top Executive Pay A UK a posteriori Study examines the consequence of CEO age on managerial pay. They promote four hypothesesThe incontrovertible consanguinity between CEO pay and ageThe positivist kin between company sizing and CEO compensation, notwithstanding it would weaken with the adjoin of CEO ageThe consanguinity between company performance and CEO salary would weaken with increasing age of CEOThe relationship between company performance and CEO incentive pay would be positive and would strengthen with development of CEO ageThey deem explored over one C UK companies and not only considered CEO pay but have divided up it into salary, performance bonuses and share options in order to obtain clearer results. McKnight et al (2000) have concluded that relationship between CEO age and their bonuses appeared to be non-linear. The data did not support Hypothesis 3 and 4, although Hypothesis 1 and 2 were proved by the data. The practical implication of their look into suggests that board members considering CEO pay should take into account the age, family and financial circumstances of the CEO, especially if CEO age is about 53 age, as it is an inflection point on curvilinear association of the issuance of CEO age on bonus.This final stage highlights the different aspect of CEO pay, whereas in earlier research McKnight (1996) examined 200 UK firms and found that performance and firm size are the important predictors of executive remuner ation.Rose and Shepard (1997) in plastered variegation and CEO compensation managerial ability or executive entrenchment? explored empirical association between CEO pay and a number of different firm characteristics, such as size and performance. They have also considered CEO personal abilities and characteristics, however the major focus of their research was on correlation between CEO pay and company diversification. They conclude that firm diversification in or so cases does not benefit stockholders by increasing company value, but talent only benefit the decision makers. Rose and Shepard (1997) admit that such decision is controversial and required progress empirical research. Rose and Shepard (1997) considered firm diversification as one important determinant of CEO compensation. Investigating the relationship between CEO compensation and firm diversification over 1985-1990, they found that the CEO of a firm with two lines of business middlings 13% more in salary and bonu s than the CEO of a similar-sized but monolithic firm, ceteris paribus. The term Ceteris Paribus means that all separate applicable factors held fixed or constant (Morris, 2008).In the later paper of Van Putten and Bout (2008), the relationship between CEO compensation and company performance has been stressed and their research was made during financial crisis and therefore might be more relevant in todays scotch situation.Deckop (1988) analyse data from 120 firms in 1977-81 to show that CEOs were not authorisen an incentive through compensation to increase the size of the firm at the expense of profit which is contrary to the insureings of some other studies. Rather, CEO compensation was positively related to profit as a percentage of sales. The market equity value of the firm and the CEOs age and years of service as a CEO had a little effect on compensation (Deckop, 1988).Wright, Kroll and Elenkov (2002) provide us with a theoretical ground that the effect of acquisition- related factors on CEO compensation is contingent upon the intensity of observe activities. In firms with vigilant monitors, returns will explain changes in CEO compensation era in firms with passive monitors, increased corporate size due to an acquisition will explain compensation changes. They found support for their speculation in a sample of 171 acquisitions over the 1993-98 time period.Various researchers have come up to different conclusions exploring factors take uping CEO pay, therefore we have found this question interesting and we would consider the data from Cengage database and look for some other factors, affecting CEO compensation.selective information DescriptionThe data has been downloaded from CEngage teaching which has online data sets for Wooldridges Introductory Econometrics A Modern Approach (cengage.com). It contains two data sets namely CEOSAL1.RAW and CEOSAL2.RAW. CEOSAL2.RAW, the second data set contains more information about the CEO, rather than about the company as in case of CEOSAL1.RAW. The mesa below describes the varyings in the data sets CEOSAL1 and CEOSAL2. These two data sets were merged to give one final data set namely CEOSAL3.DTA. The variant exposition for the final data set CEOSAL3 can be found in the Appendix.Variable Descriptions for CEOSAL1Salary yearbook salary (including bonuses) in 1990 (in thousands) $Sales warm sales in 1990 (in millions) $RoeAverage return on equity, 1988-90 (in percent)Pcsal percent change in salary, 1988-90PcroePercentage change in roe, 1988-90Indust= 1 if an industrial company, 0 otherwiseFinance= 1 if a financial company, 0 otherwiseConsprod= 1 if a consumer products company, 0 otherwiseUtil= 1 if a utility company, 0 otherwiseRosReturn on firms stocks 1988-90LsalaryNatural put down of salaryLsalesNatural pound of salesVariable Descriptions for CEOSAL2SalaryAnnual salary (including bonuses) in 1990 (in thousands) $AgeAge in YearsCollege= 1 if attended college, 0 otherwiseGrad= 1 if attended down school, 0 otherwiseComtenYears with CompanyCeotenYears as CEO with CompanySalesFirm sales in 1990 (in millions) $ProfitsFirm Profits in 1990 (in millions) $MktvalMarket Value (in millions) $, end 1990LmktvalNatural log of mktvalLsalaryNatural log of salaryLsalesNatural log of salesComtensqcomten2 (company tenure lamed)Ceotensqceoten2 (ceo tenure squared)Profmarg gain as % of salesselective information AnalysisWe used regression analysis to look out the factors that affect chief executive officer salaries. We chose a multivariate model because most inconsistents cannot be explained by a star covariant and estimations ground on a single informative variable may lead to sloping coefficients (Baum, 2006). A multivariate model allows for ceteris paribus analysis and we can avoid the absentminded variable bias. We used Stata 10 for the regression analysis of the data set.The data sets namely CEOSAL1.DTA and CEOSAL2.DTA were feature to get a single data set CEOSAL3 .DTA. The merging of data sets was possible because the variable salary and sales were uncouth to both data sets and this was necessary to come up with a single equation. The data set CEOSAL1.DTA in memory was appended with CEOSAL2.DTA on disk victimisation the append datasets option in Stata 10 by clicking on Data tab and selecting combine datasets option.Econometric MethodologyThe methodology is econometric as statistical tool (Stata 10) was used to address economical issues. The analysis is based on observational (non-experimental) data. We then derive a relationship from economic theory or come up with an equation that serves us as an econometric model.lsalary = 4.78 (.51) + .191 (.04) lsales + .083 (.06) lmktval + .017 (.005) ceoten .094 (.079) grad .065 (.23) college .01 (.003) comten + I + uwhere lsalary = parasitical variable, regressand lsales / lmktval / ceoten / grad / college / comten = explanatory variables, regressor u = error term / disturbance I = dummy / di vided variable for Industry 4.78 = kibosh parameter, .19 / .08 / .017 / -.09 / -.06 / -.01 = population / slope parameters and the respective quantity errors are shown in brackets and the bold variables represent that the variable is statistically probatory in the data.In the above equation as the dependent variable is also in natural logarithm, the natural log of the explanatory variable gives us elasticity. Elasticity is the percentage change in one variable given a 1% ceteris paribus increase in another variable (Wooldridge, 2008). So, the coefficients of lsales and lmktval give us the elasticity i.e the percentage increase in the dependent variable when the explanatory variable is increased by 1% ceteris paribus. For example, a 1% building block increase in lsales will account for just about 19% increase in lsalary and similarly a 1% unit increase in lmktval will account for more or less 8% increase in lsalary.InterpretationThe t-statistic or t-ratio is defined as the coe fficient of the variable divided by its standard error (Wooldridge, 2008). If the numerical value of t-statistic or t-ratio is great than 2 i.e t 2, then the variable is statistically significant. In the data after running the regression analysis, we find the t-ratio of lsales, ceoten, comten and the constant ( y intercept parameter) to satisfy the above inequality t 2 and hence these variables can be declared as statistically significant. The R square for the model is 0.355 ( approximately 36% ) which is moderate as a high R square does not necessarily imply a better model as the coefficient can be misleading at propagation. However, it is a good head start point and generally bigger R square is good. We get the constant ( y intercept ) to be statistically significant as this would allows us to make an idea of the basic salary of CEO even when sales, profits and market value is down because the CEO gets paid his basic salary, disregarding of the firm making profits or losses .Critical AnalysisWith indication to our group presentation and the video reported by ABC News, NewYork which showed that CEOs average annual bailout is $ 13.7 million and average wage earner earns $ 31, 589. This is almost 436 times the salary of an average wage earner which seems to raise few questions and a debate over whether CEOs are overpaid ( youtube.com ). This then raises the point that no behold of executive compensation is complete without the discussion of political factors influencing the great train of CEO pay. The controversy heightened with the November 1991 introduction of Graef Crystals (1991) expose on CEO pay, In bet of Excess, and exploded following President George Bushs ill-timed pilgrimage to lacquer in January 1992, accompanied by an entourage of highly paid US executives (Murphy, 1999).ConclusionThe research aimed to find out the factors that affect chief executive officer salaries and why CEOs are compensated greatly. The data sets namely CEOSAL1.DTA and CEOSAL2.DTA were combined to give a final data set that was used to attend the research question and draw the conclusion that sales, market value ceotenure have a positive effect on CEO salary while company tenure and college / graduation have a negative effect. In our research and data analysis, the most significant factor comes out to be sales.LimitationsThe data Wooldridge took is from an issue of Busineesweek in 1991 which is quite old. The files need to be updated and it could be very interesting to know the current trend in CEO Compensation and whether the current economic recession had any effects. Due to the current prevalent economic crisis, the findings can be really interesting which could further add some value to the research that has been already done and run some space for more research to be carried out in this particular topic. An interesting comparison could be made between the factors e.g sales, ros (return on stocks), roe (return on equity), CEOs age, CEO tenure, profits, market value, comten (years with company), etc highlighted in our literature review and our results so that we know which factor plays the most important role and thence affects chief executive officer salaries when contrasted in relative terms with other studies. The sample size in the data is approximately 200 observations which is not great. The data shows no evidence for the location of firms and the sex activity of the CEO. It would be a more contemporary question to pose that is there any gender discrimination in CEO Compensation. The policies of the government are also unvalued to see if there were any tax evasions present or not. nurture ResearchA further deep research could use the current data to find the factors affecting CEO salaries. Then, the effects of current economic recession could be looked into and a further study could try to find whether CEOs are overpaid and if so what are the reasons for it? Is it truly because of their managerial ability or it is just an executive entrenchment? Then one could also look at the role of monitoring CEOs and their firms. Are these small, medium or family operated firms and what factors affect their growth and output? Is there sex discrimination in CEO compensation?BibliographyBaum, C.F (2006), An Introduction to Modern Econometrics Using Stata, Stata PressBout, A. and Van, P.S. (2008), Beyond the council chamber considering CEO pay in a broader context, People StrategyDeckop, J.R (1988), Determinants of important Executive Officer Compensation, Industrial and Labor Relations Review, 41(2), pp. 215-226Crystal, G. (1991), In Search of Excess The Overcompensation of American Executives, W.W. Norton Company New YorkMcKnight, P. (1998), An Explanation of Top Executive Pay A UK Study, British Journal of Industrial Relations, 344McKnight P., Tomkins C. and Weir C. (2000), CEO Age and Top Executive Pay A UK Empirical study, Journal of Management and Governance, 42000Morris, C. (2008), Quantit ative Approaches in Business Studies, seventh Edition, FT-PrenticeHallMurphy, K. (1999), Executive Compensation, Handbook of Labour Economics, 3(2), pp. 2485-2563Rose, N.L and Shepard, A. (1997), Firm diversification and CEO compensation managerial ability or executive entrenchment, Journal of Economics, 28(3), pp. 489-514Wooldridge, J.M (2008), Introductory Econometrics A Modern Approach, 4th Edition, South-WesternWright, P. ,Kroll M. And Elenkov,D. (2002), Acquisition Returns, Increase in Firm Size, and top dog Executive Officer Compensation The Moderating Role of Monitoring, The Academy of Management Journal, 45(3), pp. 599-608http//login.cengage.com/sso/logouthome.do (Accessed on 10th February, 2010)http//news.cnet.com/The-great-overpaid-CEO-debate/2010-1014_3-6078739.html (Accessed on initiatory March, 2010)http//www.careerbuilder.co.uk/Article/CB-27-Job-Search-Britains-Best-Paid-Jobs/ (Accessed on 1st March, 2010)http//www.youtube.com/watch?v=vcG-_LlKN14 (Accessed on 19th Mar ch, 2010)

Kurt Cobain was Murdered Essay -- essays research papers

Kurt get inald Cobain was found dead in the green house of his dorm on March 1994, cause of death felo-de-se by self-importance inflicted hitmanshot wound or at least what was pronounced and believed by many to this day. It is plain and simple he was murdered.Kurt Cobain the singer and guitarist of the 90s echo Nirvana which was an preference rock band from 1988 to 1994. Cobain was born in the towns sight of Aberdeen Washington. Aberdeen is a rural white trash town that borders Seattle the birth ramble of Grunge. Before them at record stores there were special sections for alternative music, they popularized it. However many grunge bands were around much(prenominal)(prenominal) as cadaver H onenessy and The Melvins.Kurt had three times the allowhal 225 mgs dose of heroin in his blood system with puncture marks in both weapons (Grant). Medical experts and doctors will tell you that with that much heroin in your blood stream if you dont instantly die you would fall into a c oma in a few seconds. Kurt supposedly shot up that insane dosage of heroin, pulled out the needle, put the syringe neatly into a cigar box feet away, then picking up a Remington 20-gauge shot ordnance he placed it in his mouth and fired. According to Tom Grant and former(a) researchers it is an impossible feat even for a hardcore abuser such as Cobain. Not only did he have heroin in his system he also had valium in his blood. Valium doesnt mix well with heroin making a small drug bad Kurts overdose wasnt a small one. Its not possible that he shot himself with a shotgun or any gun and if so why? Why would someone break up themselves when they were on so much junk they would just die in their sleep? He had a daughter Frances Bean that makes it hard luxuriant to believe he did it with out the scientific impossibility. Dead Men Dont Pull Triggers (Roger Lewis). Drug related suicides are often a staged cover up for murder (RL). The police report of the suicide read, there were no leg ible finger prints on the shot gun, the compose which was used for the suicide note, or on the bow of shot gun shells. Kurt Cobain had finger prints, and its not as if he were wearing gloves. If one thinks thats amazing for supposedly committing suicide, Sergeant Cameron admitted two years subsequent that there wasnt any sign of Kurt firing a gun there wasnt any marks on his hands such as Gunshot residue. Why was eve... ...life towards the end of it all he got diagnosed and had surgery many said he was a new man. He seemed rightfully clean when we were on tour. In some ways it was truly ill at ease(p) he wasnt joining in the very mild sidesplitter that went on (shelley). Rosemary Carroll, long time friend and lawyer of the Cobains told research worker Tom Grant in April1994 that Kurt wasnt suicidal over and over when asked. Courtneys own father has a book in which he expresses how he thinks Courtney knows who killed Kurt or was in on it herself. That is just wrong to crimin ate your daughter of that. Yes he could be a heartless whacko trying to cash in on his story or he really knows what he is talking about because he cant let the truth go unknown. Kurt Cobains death labeled a suicide by most media and police could not have been not only did people who knew Kurt discredit the suicide lie. There is concrete evidence he didnt do it and the case should be reopened. I think why the Seattle law department doesnt reopen the case is it is a huge distraction to the force. A blunder of that size would make them look very badly. Kurt is righteous of Suicide and murderer is out there.

Women Seeing the World through a Different Lens in Three Guineas and Th

At the time Virginia Woolf wrote The Years and triplet Guineas, in that respect were many differences between men and women, one of which was education. Most women were not enlightened, which prevented them from move into into agency. Women allowed themselves to be played by history. In order for them to change a world that was dominated by men, women needed to refuse what history tell was their essence, and rather, use that essence to create critical shipway of being in the world. The photograph, a crudely colored photograph--of your world as it appears to us who read it from the threshold of the private house finished the shadow of the veil that St. capital of Minnesota still lays upon your eyes from the bridge which connects the private house with the world of exoteric life, must be taken from a antithetic perspective, (Three Guineas 18). In Three Guineas, Woolf shows her readers how women were enslaved by men, why it was so important that women receive an education, and the different slipway in which women could envision into agency in order to change a world that was dominated by men. In Three Guineas, Woolf describes all of the ways in which women were being enslaved by men. There were many differences among men and women, which deprive women of their freedom. At this time, there was a power imbalance men were superior and women were not valued by society. Many doors were still locked for women. Men had been educated for five or six hundred years, while women, only sixty. yet though both sexes contributed to university funds, the number of women who were allowed an education was extremely limited. Though we decide the same world, we see it through different eyes, (Three Guineas 18). Men were taught to think and suffice through tradition. They wer... ...en how they were being enslaved by men, explained the importance of an education, and proposed ways in which women could enter into agency in order to change a world that wa s dominated by men. Women should strive, to assert the rights of all--all men and women--to respect in their persons of the great principles of justness and Equality and Liberty, (Three Guineas 143). Women must look at the whole picture and burn off the old photograph, the crudely colored photograph, and retake the picture from a different angle, from the angle of a world that let the light into the private house. satisfy the picture from the perspective of an educated woman, an educated woman looking through a different lens than she had before. Works CitedWoolf, Virginia. Three Guineas. 1938, 2008. Harcourt, Inc. Orlando, Florida.Woolf, Virginia. The Years. New York HBJ, 1937.

Is There a Real Difference Between a Neurosis and a Psychosis Essay

Is There a Real Difference amid a neuroticism and a PsychosisA major part of clinical psychology is the diagnoses and treatment of mental disorders. This can often be onerous and controversial due to the fact that some(prenominal) of the disorders can be alienated with others there atomic number 18nt always clear guidelines in which to follow. An example of this mix-up can be seen in the disorders Neurosis and Psychosis. Neither neurosis nor psychoses seem as major categories in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of cordial Disorders (DSM-III). The main reason for this is that both categories were fairly broad and included a number of mental disorders with quite dissimilar symbols. Consequently, mental health professionals did not always agree on the diagnosis for a particular patient. Neurosis is a functional (Psychogenic) disorder consisting of a symptom or symptoms drivingd, though usually unknown to the patient, by a mental disorder. The four commonest are Anxiet y State, Reactive Depression, delirium and Obsessive-Compulsive Neurosis. We all know what it is to tincture keen. Anxiety becomes abnormal when it is out of all proportion to the cause, or when it continues dogged after the cause has been removed. Patients with other mental ailmentes often feel uneasy from time to time, but the term anxiety neurosis is used to draw and quarter the illness in which anxiety is the main feature and the patient feels anxious all the time. Reactive Depression is a form of depression where the cause is known i.e. marriage break-up or bereavement. Reactive depression can be classed as a neurosis as it is an exaggeration of the normal anticipate response to such situations. In medical language the word Hysteria is used to mean that a symptom is beyond the patients control. If I control to take an examination tomorrow and to get out of it I plurality up and say that I cannot attend because I am exit to the dentist, I am malingering. I am quite de liberately presentment a lie to get out of taking the examination. But if, on the morning of the examination, I wake up with a raging odontalgia although there is nothing wrong with my tooth, this is hysteria. There is nothing wrong, but the irritation is genuine. I am quite truly incapable of sitting the examination. The symptom is out of my conscious control and has become hysterical. Hysterical symptoms always get along to get us out of som... ...ers, neurosis and psychosis, may appear gloomy but they can help in the diagnoses and treatment of patients. It can be very difficult to treat a patient when the cause of their illness is unknown or when the illness itself is difficult to understand. It is for this reason that mental health professionals need to categorise mental disorders as clearly and concisely as possible. The DSM-III dropped the entries of neurosis and psychosis and split them down into subdivisions to try to enable better diagnosis but there is still confusio n as to the differences between neurosis and psychosis. There is not only a difference between the dickens but also a difference in each mortal case. Different things effect people in contrary ways and many people although share the same illness have completely different symptoms. Every case should be olfactory modalityed at individually and treated as such. Instead of looking for the best treatment for neurosis, it would be better to look for the best treatment for an individual. ReferencesIntroduction to psychology - Atkinson - Hilgard - 1983 The science of mind and behavior - Gross - 1999 The oxford companion to the mind - Gregory - 1987

Communism In The U.S. Essay -- Communism Essays

Karl Marx, seed of The Communist Manifesto and Das Kapital, was the originator of the political and economic supposition of Scientific Socialism (modern fabianism). socialism, by definition, is the complete control of major resources and the gist of production by government, initially in the form of autocracy. In theory, chthonian this system all would be equal all would share in both work, according to their ability, and profit, according to need. According to Marx, the proletariat, or working class, would rebellion against the bourgeoisie, or wealthy capitalist class, because of the stark contrast prevalent betwixt the wealthy and poor. The new economy, run by and for the people, would produce not for profit, further for the needs of the people. Thus, abundance would rule. Marx further predicted this revolution would occur in western Europe, the most industrialized and capitalist portion of the world.During the late 1920s up until World War II, the United States went thro ugh a period of punishing economic depression, also called the Great Depression. Multitudes of Americans everywhere were inadequately clothed, nourished, and sheltered. As hunger and unemployment reached never before seen levels, despair reigned. During these times Labor compact enrollment dramatically increased and Americans were searching for a panacea to their cordial and economic problems. It was at this time that groups of citizens, jobless and hungry, looked upon Communism favorably. These individuals longed for what seemed to be a utopian society, which they viewed in the USSR, where everyone was employed and cared for. Communist political parties sprung up everywhere, belles-lettres and newspapers in support of Communism proliferated. More and more, seeing the success and the promises, the enrollment in Communist parties increased. Members of the American Communist party idealized the leadership of the USSR, Lenin and Stalin. American politician Joseph McCarthy led a c ampaign against Communist corruptness in the early 1950s. McCarthy charged several high-ranking officials with subversive activities. Then, as chairman of the Senate subcommittee on investigations, McCarthy continued inquiry into subversive activities in the U.S. He created much controversy with his allegations, which were more like a modern daylight political witch hunt. American... ... If people are secure and dexterous with their lives it is harder to precipitate change than if they are afflicted.Not only in the U.S., however also worldwide we see this economic philosophy losing its appeal. This can be attributed to technological advancement, which has created an average level of affluence unknown to any old time. The strength and aid of the non-Communist countries has persuaded developing nations to form capitalist, constitutional governments similar to those in place. Furthermore, in societies where Communism was attempted, there was a large degree of scarcity and inequal ity, not to mention the coercive nature of the governments attempting Communism. Finally, in all societies where Communism was attempted the preconditions that Marx set forth were not met. For example, Russia was not a generally industrial and capitalist society former to the attempt at Communism nor were they a highly intellectual or accomplished society. Rather, the society prior to the attempt was a feudalist government comprised of a Czar, much like a king, and nobility, not a capitalist upper class.

Robert E. Lees Life :: biographies bio biography

A LONG TIME AGO ON THE DAY OF JANUARY 19,1807 TO BE EXACT IN STARATFORD,VIRGINIA THEIR WAS A MIRACLE THAT WAS BORN.THE MIRACLE BABY THAT WAS BORN WAS NAMED ROBERT E. leeward. THE MIRACLE BABY WAS presumptuousness BIRTH BY HIS MOTHER ANN HILL CARTER AND HIS FATHER NAMED HERNY lee AND close PEOPLE KNOW HIM AS LIGHT-HORSE HARRY. HIS MOTHER ANN HAD BEEN RAISED FROM A FAMILY THAT HAD BEEN REPECTFUL AND THAT THEY HAD WORKED FOR THE VIRGINIAS GOVERNMENT SOCIETY THAT HELD PROMINENT POTIONS. STILL LEES FAMILY HAD EXTENED IN THE UPPER CLASSES. DURING SOME OF THE SIGINIFICANT EVENTS THAT HAPPENED WAS THE LOTS OF SLAVERY THAT HAD WENT ON finished HIS CHILDHOOD. IN 1818 ROBERTS FATHER HERNY HAD PAST AWAY. WHEN THE FIRST GROWING telephone number OVER SLAVERY IN THE UNTIED STATES HAD SOON INVOLVED ROBERT. ROBERT E. LEE WAS A GREAT GENERAL WHO COMMANDED THE CONFEDERTE ARMY IN THE AMERICAN CIVILWAR. IN 1831 ROBERT HAD MARRIED A WOMEN BY THE NAME OF MARY CUSTIS, WHO WAS THE DAUGH TER OF upper-case letter PARKE CUSTIS. WHILE MARY AND ROBERT WHERE TOGETHER THEY HAD SEVEN CHILDERN AND THEIR NAMES WERE G.WCUSTIS,MARY,W.H.FITZHUGH,ANNIE,AGNES,ROBE-RT AND MILDERD. HE HAD masterfully FOUGHT MR.CLELLANTO A STAND STILL AT ANTIETAM AND TWO DAYS after HE HAD RECROSSED THE POTOMAC. FOLLOWING A STINTIN THE BALTIMORE HABOR HE BECAME SUPERINTENDENT OF THE MILTARY ACADAMY IN 1852. IN THE CHARGE OF VIRGINIAS FLEDGLING MILTARY MIGHT, HE WAS MAINLY INVOLVED IN ORGANIZATIONAL MATTERS. IN THE FIRST SUMMER OF THE WAR HE WAS granted HIS FIRST field of study COMMAND IN WESTERN VIRGINIA.GENERAL LEE WAS A SUCCESS OF THE ENTIRE ITALIN CAMPAINGN TURNED UPON THE SUCCESSFUL PASSAGE OF THE duad OF LODI.THEY STRAGGERD UNDER THE WITHERING FIRE AND RETREATED BUT THE FAILURE WAS malign AND THE PAST MUST BE WON. BEFORE THE MEXICAN WAR ROBERT HAD SERVED ON ENGINEERING SOME PROJECTS IN GEORGIA, VIRGINIA, AND NEW YORK. ROBERT HAD GRADULLY BECAME UNCLE ROBERT AND MARSE ROBERT. ON APR IL 18 , 1861 ROBERT WAS OFFERED FIELD COMMAND OF THE UNITED STATES ARMY.

geore washington :: essays research papers

George cap was born in Wakefield, Virginia. Then at age three his family locomote to a town near Fredricksburge. There the story about George and the cherry tree was started. There he started tutoring and later attended Henry Williams School. At age 15 he became a surveyor.In 1748 he went to bide with his brother in mount Vermon where he took his first place in office as surveyor of Culperper County in1749.Later at age 20 in 1753 Gov. Dinwiddle made him major in the militia. When the French and Indian war started he was made lieutenant colonel of Virginia Militia. chapiter kept advancing. He was then displace to aid major General Edward Braddcock. But in that battle Braddock was killed so George was made colonel and leave outer of all Virginia Militia. In 1758 after the French and Indian war Washington met Martha Custis. They were married in 1759. In 1769 Washington presented a plan to the House of Burgesses for boycotting British made goods in order to go against the stamp act. Later in 1774 he attended the 1st Continental congress in Philadelphia, and the next year he attended the back continental congress. When it became clear that they needed armed resistance. Recognizing Washingtons troops experience and leadership the Continental congress gave him command of the new army. He didnt even ask for pay. So in 1775 he took command of the Continental Army. Through the next six years Washington helped guard the 13 colonies to loseher. When the Articles of Confederation was showing the colonies separating Washington took on the responsibility come about them unitedly through the hardships. When they needed an army washing ton was to get an army from untrained and unpaid men. He did it. In the battle of vale Forge the cruel winters were tarring them apart. Undiscouraged again Washington turned subdue into a victory. The fighting ended in 1781. The continental army was held together for two more years until final peace was made. Then for a few years W ashington relaxed with his wife and family, raising animals and agrigculture experiments. In 1787 Washington became a leader in the movement that led to the Constitution Convention. The raillery was that the existing documents were not good enough in leading the states.

Biography of Franklin Delano Roosevelt Essay -- American Presidents Hi

Biography of Franklin Delano RooseveltIntroductionFDR Changed the very idea of what it meant to be prexy of the United States. FDR used his genius political skills and charisma to direct this estate into his own dreams. His ability to communicate encouragement and confidence to the American populate aided his presidency more than his legislations. Winston Churchill likened his first meeting with FDR to uncorking a bottleful of champagne. All future presidents would be coerce to reckon with his legacy.The BeginningFranklin Delano Roosevelt was natural on January 30, 1882. He was so sickly that he almost did not survive, and his worried parents held off naming him for two months. His father was pile Roosevelt, a graduate of Union College and Harvard Law School, though not a practicing lawyer. James lived a life similar to an English country gentleman, with a largish estate at Hyde Park in New York. Sara Delano, James Roosevelts blink of an eye wife, came from a family backgroun d equally distinguished as the Roosevelts. His age and her encumbrance giving birth to Franklin prevented them from having any more children, and Franklin grew up as their lovemaking only child. His relationship with his parents, especially his mother, was very strong. It was her unshakeable faith in him that some(prenominal) a(prenominal) bank gave him the self-confidence that enabled him to succeed later in life.French and German g everyplacenesses educated Roosevelt until he was fourteen, and he spent most of his free clock riding on the estate and playing alone. He accompanied his parents on their travels to Europe and to all their social engagements. This youth spent in the family of adults helped him develop a charm that would prove indispensable later in life, unable to relate to many an(prenominal) children his own age. This proved to be a drawback when his parents sent him away to the Groton School, a recently opened school that had the back of many of the leading men in America, such as J.P. Morgan. Roosevelts recognize at Groton was a personal disappointment because of his inability to win over his peers as he had won over his parents and their associates. It may harbor been the change taste memories of his years at Groton that made FDR determined to become a draw at Harvard, which he entered at the turn of the century. Unlike many of his comrade classmates, who were used to living the life of the idle rich, FDR set the ... ...ing I have learned is that history telling is often no the whole truth. I think it would be only fair to read the thoughts of those who disagreed with his policies.4) Arnold, Alex. Nothing to consternation Lessons in Leadership from FDR. Portfolio Hardcover 2003.-I really liked the back wrap intro the book when I read it. There are many books out there by people that seem to just be inspirational fluff. This book is by an executive who go through many of FDRs tactics in leadershiphip and how effective they we re. This book should be a great read. 5) No Author. Franklin D. Roosevelt No Date Given. http//www.whitehouse.gov/history/presidents/fr32.html- I thought it would be useful to use this short page that is abounding of facts. I figure if this is the White Houses page, it would be forced by reputation to be on its information.6) Schlesinger JR, Arthur. Leaders and Revolutionaries Franklin Delano Roosevelt. http//www.time.com/time/time100/leaders/profile/fdr.html-Time Magazine is one of the oldest and most reputable magazines around. This is a relatively short, yet compelling bio about FDR. The style of writing I believe will help my in my own writing format.

Perils of Addiction Exposed in Stevensons Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde Essa

Perils of Addiction Exposed in Stevensons Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde The values, standards, and expectations of the upper-middle class in the 19th-century Victorian society were conservative and strict the pressure to earn prestigiousness and achieve upward mobility in social rank required men to sustain an image of propriety and respectability in public. These obligations often created a longing to divert from the personality facades they had to keep, and from the ideal behavior and polite dexterity that were expected of bourgeois society men. Some would fulfill their wishes by track a secret double life that allowed them to temporarily escape from social responsibilities and restrictions. In more private settings, men would partake in yucky pleasures, such as alcohol or drug abuse, and they were free to comport more loosely than they could under the rigid public persona they were agonistic to hold in order to protect their reputations. In the introduction to the Oxford adap tation of Robert Louis Stevensons Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, Emma Letley describes the desire to escape from the Calvinistic confines of nineteenth-century bourgeois society, and relates that Mr. Stevenson himself would use a benign doubleness to deal with the pressures of high bourgeois existence and assumed an assumed name to become one of the heavy-drinking, convivial, blasphemous iconoclasts. . . in order to full-bodiedly enjoy those pleasures denied to him and Dr. Jekyll. (Introduction, x). With the noesis that Stevenson resorted to alcohol in order to escape the pressures and demands that fell upon him due to his social class, it is interesting to examine his novella, Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, as a commentary about the evils of dependence to alc... ...hat he can finally recognize the severity of his weakness to his drug. Dr. Jekylls plight, therefore, could be an exploration of the destructive behavior brought on by addiction, and an underlying example message is embedded in Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde - the implication that addiction will of necessity lead to evilness and the destruction of productive lives. Works CitedShowalter, Elaine. The Not So Strange Addiction of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde. The Haunted Mind in Victorian Literature. Eds. Elton E. metalworker and Robert Haas. Landham, Maryland The Scarecrow Press, Inc., 1999.Stevenson, Robert Louis. The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde. First Vintage Classics Edition. bracing York Vintage Books, 1991.Veeder, William. Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde after One Hundred Years. Eds. William Veeder and Gordon Hirsch. Chicago University of Chicago Press, 1988.